Biology Questions: Practice Questions and Essays

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Biology Questions and Essays

Describe the process of meiosis Explain how insect pollinated flowers are adapted to pollination Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of reproduction by seeds What are the adaptations of wind-dispersed seeds and fruits?What are the adaptations of animal-dispersed seeds and fruits?What are the adaptations of water-dispersed seeds and fruits?What are the adaptations of self-dispersed seeds and fruits (explosive mechanism)?Distinguish between cross-pollination and self-pollination Describe pollination, fertilization and seed and fruit formation in plants Describe the structure of a mature carpel Give the Functions of Various Parts of a Light Microscope What are the Functions of Ribosomes and Lysosomes?Distinguish Between Diffusion and Active Transport Discuss the Effect of a Red Cell in a Hypertonic Solution Explain Why Plant Cells Do Not Burst When Immersed in Distilled Water What are the Functions of Golgi Apparatus?Name the Cell Organelle Found in Actively Respiring Tissues Distinguish Between Hypertonic and Hypotonic Solutions Discuss the Parts and Functions of a Light Microscope Discuss Cell Organelles and Their Functions Identify Various Branches of Biology What Field of Science Involves the Study of Cells?Discuss the Uses of a Pooter and a Sweep Net Discuss the Rules Followed When Giving Scientific Names to an Organism Compare the Structure of a Plant Cell and an Animal Cell Discuss The Characteristics of All Living Things Classify Organisms Into Their Kingdoms Explain the Following Process When Preparing a Plant Specimen to be Viewed on a Light Microscope Define Taxonomy and Species Give the Main Functions of a Microscope What is a Cell in Biology?Define Entomology and Genetics Define Physiology and Dermatology Give the Meaning and Significance of a Polarized Cell Membrane What are the Functions of Bile Salts in the Body?Name two classes of phylum arthropoda whose members have a cephalothorax.Name the distinguishing features of class Aves.State two ways in which pteridophyta differ from spermatophyte.The diagram below shows the gametophyte of a fern plant. Name the structure shown above. Name the part labelled B and D.What is Alternation of generation?Name two plant divisions which exhibit alternation of generation.State the importance of gametophyte to a sporophyte.The equation below represents oxidation of a certain food substance. Calculate the respiratory quotient of the substance being oxidized. Name the likely food substance being oxidized. State one reason why respiratory quotient values are important to work out.Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. Name the parts labelled: Y, Z, and X. State an adaptation of each part labelled Y and Z in the diagram.State the importance of Respiration and Reproduction in Living Organisms State the functions of Water, Enzymes, and Oxygen in Seed Germination Distinguish between identical twins and fraternal twins. The diagram below represents a stage during cell division. Identify the stage of cell division. Give two reasons for your answer (a) above. Name the structures labeled K. State three roles of Gibberellins hormone in plant.The diameter field of view of a light microscopic is 6.5mm. Plant cells lying across the diameter are 12. Determine the size of one cell in micrometers.Explain how drooping of leaves on a hot sunny day is advantageous to a plant.Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis.What Changes Occur in a Nerve Axon to Produce an Action Potential?Name the gaseous exchange surface in insects. State two ways the surface named in (i) above is suited to its function.The above equation shows an oxidation reaction of food substances. What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient? Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substances.State one function of each of the following parts of a mammalian ear: Pinna, Tympanic membrane, and Vestibule Give structural and functional differences between motor and sensory neurons.Distinguish between a community and a population What measures can be taken to control infection by protozoan parasites on humans?Pregnancy continues if the ovary of an expectant mother is removed after 4 months. Explain.What is the role of testes in the mammalian reproductive system?State two ways in which skeletal muscle fibres are adapted to their function.State the structural differences between biceps muscles and muscles of the gut.Explain why Lamarck's theory of evolution is not accepted by biologists today.What pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution?The diagram below shows a section through plant organ. Name the class of the section was obtained. Give a reason for your answer in (i) above The following is a dental formula of a dog and rabbit, state two differences between them.What is the role of vascular bundles in plant nutrition?A portion of a chromosome with genes named A, B, C, S, Q and R can be represented as:[A][B][C][S][Q][R]. Illustrate the changes if the above chromosome undergoes the following mutations affecting only gene C and S: Deletion, Inversion, Duplication Name the disease characterized by Glycosuria and Diuresis.What is the importance of each of the following features in animals: a) Solid food being broken down into small pieces, b) Presence of caecum in herbivorous mammals Name the substance that accumulates in muscles when respiration occurs with insufficient oxygen.The diagram below represents gaseous exchange in the alveolus. Mention the path followed by gas y from alveolar space until it reaches the red blood cells.Explain how water from the soil is gained by root hair in plants.In what form is carbon IV oxide transported in blood?The diagram below shows a section of a dicotyledonous stem. Name the type of cells found in part labeled E.State the features that a grasshopper, a crab, a spider and a millipede have in common.What the the major characteristics of Eukaryotes?The figure below shows a stem of a plant growing round a tree trunk. a) What is the name of the response which causes such a twisted growth? b) Explain how twisting process is accomplished.State any characteristics of living organisms that are specific to plants.State one use for each of the following apparatus in the study of living organisms: Pooter and Bait trap.Name two tissues in plants which are thickened with lignin.How is support attained in herbaceous plants?State the function of the following parts of a light microscope. i) Objective lens and ii) Diaphragm Name the fluid that is produced by sebaceous glands.What is the role of sweat on the human skin?What is the importance of the following in an ecosystem? Decomposers and Predation.State the functions of bile juice in the digestion of food.What features increase the surface area of small intestines?Describe what happens during the light stage of photosynthesis. Define the following terms: Population and Community Which method could be used to estimate the population size of the following organisms: Fish in a pond and Blackjack in a garden.What is an allele?Explain how the deletion occurs during gene mutation.Explain how the inversion occurs during gene mutation.What is a test-cross?What Happens When There is Oxygen Debt in Human Muscles Class to which Bean Plant Organisms belongs Classification of a Bat Causative Agents of Typhoid and Amoebic Dysentery Disease in Humans caused by Plasmodium Falciparum Limitations of Fossil Records evident to Organic Evolution Functions of Pollen Tube Skeleton that makes up Cockroach,Bird, and Earthworm Survival Values of Tropic Response what is a Klinostat / Clinostat Type of Movement that occurs within a Plant Cell Pressure Sensitive Swellings causing Nastic Movements in Plants definition of Cytology Define paleontology Professions That Require the Study of Biology Apparatus used to Capture Crawling Animals Apparatus Used to Pick Stinging or Poisonous Animals What is a Species Vibrio Cholera Kingdom and Species Name Functions of Light Microscope Clips Importance in a Light Microscope Reasons for Cutting Thin Sections for Microscope Work Reasons for Staining Specimen in Microscopy Structure of a Root Hair Cell Difference between Hypotonic and Hypertonic Solution Difference between Hemolysis and Plasmolysis Role of Active Transport in Human Body Roles of Leaf Veins in the Leaf and Plant Factors Affecting Photosynthesis in Plants Structure and Functions of the Molar Enzymes Released in Stomach Final Digestive Products of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids Energy Requirement Factors in Human Body Define Transport in Biology Substances Transported in Blood Plasma Compounds of Carbon Dioxide in Red Blood Role of Platelets in Blood Clotting Active Immunity Definition Passive Immunity Definition Alveolus Gas Exchange Surface Characteristics Factors Affecting Breathing Rate in Human Beings Industrial Application in Anaerobic Respiration Scientific Naming Rules Scientific Naming in Biology Substances Formed in Mammalian Liver Importance of Leaf Mosaic in Photosynthesis Benedict's Solution Positive Reaction Disease Water Role in Seed Germination What is Population in Ecological Studies What is Community in Ecological Studies What is Ecosystem as used in Ecological Studies Structures in Plant Cell Absent in Animal Cell What is crenation? Definition of crenation What is Haemolysis? Haemolysis Definition Material Formed in Muscles During Running Substances Found in Intercellular Space of Leaf when Sunny Importance of Nutrition in Living Organism Importance of Excretion in Living Organisms Xylem Vessels Adaptability to their Function Anaerobic Respiration Products in Plants Anaerobic Respiration Products in Animals Importance of Metamorphosis in Insects Functions of the Objective Lens in a Light Microscope Function of a Diaphragm in a Light Microscope Reasons to Keep the Light microscope Stage Dry How the Leaf is Suited for Gaseous Exchange Differences Between Epigeal and Hypogeal Germination Oxygen Importance in Seed Germination Homeostasis Definition Homeostasis Processes in Human Body Gaseous Exchange Surface in Insects Uses of Colchicine Plant Product Uses of Papain Function of Cofactors in Cell Metabolism Examples of Metallic Cofactors Functions of Cell Sap Circulatory System in Insects What are the Functions of the Blood Sebaceous Glands Secretion What are the Roles of Sweat on Human Skin Cell Protein Synthesis Organelle Responsible for Cellular Secretion Transport Functions of Placenta in Mammals Why Mammalian Testes are Positioned Outside the Body Functions of Muscles in the Alimentary Canal of Mammals Dangers of Charcoal Stove a Poor Ventilated Room Functions of Contractile Vacuoles in Amoeba Chloroplasts Adaptation to Photosynthesis Stomata Function in Photosynthesis Function of Spongy Mesophyll Spaces in Photosynthesis Sugar Translocation Tissue in Plants Mineral Ion for Protein Formation Carbon Dioxide Exchange in Insects: From Tissues to the Atmosphere Population Estimation Energy Storage Compound in Glucose Oxidation Importance of Immediate Lactic Acid Removal in Animals Definition of Basal Metabolic Rate Factors Influencing Protein Supplement Intake Conditions Characterized by Proteins in Urine Circumstances Where Proteins are Used as Energy Sources Hormones Regulating Menstrual Cycle Role of Mammalian Placenta Water Transport in Plants from the Soil Scientific and Name Classification of Felis Catus Hormone Secreted when Drinking Lots of Water Vasopressin Deficiency Disease Animal Classification and Characteristics Stomach Functions in Humans Functions of the Mammalian Blood HIV/AIDS Transmission Environmental Factors Affecting Stomatal Transpiration Functions of Nucleolus and Plasma Membrane Difference Between Guttation and Transpiration Functions of Eyepiece Lens and Condenser in Light Microscopes Understanding Peristalsis in Digestion Peristalsis Process structural Differences Between Arteries and Veins Tool for Collecting Crawling Animals and Flying Insects in Biology Forces Facilitating Upward Water Movement in Plants Disease that Causes Arterial Thickening and Hardening Lipids Utilization as Respiratory Substrate Amino Acid Metabolism in the Mammalian Liver Understanding a Balanced Diet Roughage Importance in Diet How do the following factors affect the rate of diffusion? (i) Surface area to volume ratio (ii) Diffusion gradient (iii) Temperature Name any three specialized plant cells.Name the sites where gaseous exchange takes place in terrestrial plants.A student in form three caught an organism which had the following characteristics i) Body divided into two parts. i) Simple eyes. iii) Eight legs. Classify the organism up to the class level.Distinguish between the counter flow and parallel flow system in gaseous exchange Name the enzyme, the vitamin and the metallic ions required in the clotting of blood. (i) Enzyme (ii) Vitamin (iii) Metallic ion Astronauts from the outer space brought a material to earth. Explain how you would establish if the material is living or non-living. Distinguish between natural and acquired immunity. Define the term allergy. Explain how the following environmental factors increase the rate of transpiration. i) Temperature ii) Humidity iii) Atmospheric pressure Explain what happens to a red blood cell when placed in distilled water. Name two sites where gaseous exchange takes place in an aquatic plant. Name the organ in which control of blood sugar level mainly takes place. State four characteristics of gaseous exchange surfaces. Describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a mammal. What is meant by the term digestion?Explain the role of bile in the digestion of food.State the name given to the study of: a) Cells b) Classification of living organisms Define the term species A Tiger is known as Panthera Tigris. Identify two mistakes made in writing the scientific nam Explain why a Leopard and a tiger cannot breed yet they belong to the same genus A cell was magnified 200 times using a light microscope whose eye-piece lens magnification was X10. What was the magnification of the objective lens.i) Name the carbohydrates that is: a) Found in abundance in mammalian blood b) Stored in mammalian liver c) Stored in plant seeds ii) List two importance of water in living organisms The enzyme pepsin and trypsin are secreted as inactive precursors: a) What are the name of the precursors b) Why are they secreted in an inactive State two structural and two environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration a) Structural b) Environmental Give an example of an animal with a) Open circulatory system b) Closed circulatory system Give two reasons why clotting of blood is important Explain why excessive bleeding may lead to death of a patient.Explain why deficiency of vitamin K leads to excessive bleeding even from small cuts.Most of absorption of digested food in mammals takes place in the ileum. In what ways is it adapted for this function.Name two nutrients that are absorbed in mammalian gut without chemical digestion.State and Explain five factors that determine energy requirements in human beings.The equation below represents a certain physiological process. Study it and answer the questions below.
C₁₈H₃₆O₂ → 26O₂ 18CO₂ + 18H₂O + ATP

(i) Name the above process...Distinguish between diffusion and active transport in a human body.Give a reason why secondary thickening does not occur in bamboo and maize plants.Give two characteristics of meristematic cells.Describe the Process of inhalation in mammals.Describe the Mechanism of opening and closing of stomata. Explain how leaves of mesophytes are suited to their functions.Briefly describe how secondary thickening occurs in woody plants.Name the tissues whose cells are thickened with: a) Cellulose and pectin. b) Lignin.What is meant by the following terms? (i) Niche (ii) Ecology What changes would occur to a marine amoeba species if it was transferred into a freshwater pond?In an experiment, it was found out that when maggots were exposed to light, they moved to dark areas. a. Name the type of response exhibited by the maggots.State the differences between plant cell and animal cell.A student was using a microscope whose eyepiece lens was marked X4. The high powered objective lenses were marked X10. Calculate the total magnification of the microscope.What is apical dominance?State two reasons why the stomach lining is not usually digested by pepsin though it is made of protein.Describe how oxygen in the alveolus reaches the red blood cells.Distinguish between epigeal and hypogeal germination.Name two structures in herbaceous stems that enhance their support.Industrial wastes may contain metabolic pollutants. State how such pollutants may indirectly reach and accumulate in the human body if the wastes were dumped into rivers.What is meant by double fertilization in flowering plants?State two advantages of cross pollination in a flowering plant.Explain the events of the light stage of photosynthesis.Identify the mode of feeding carried out by the animal with this dental formula.State the role of carnassial teeth in a lion.Some form one students wanted to collect the following animals for study in the laboratory. State the suitable apparatus they should use. I. Flying insects... Why is blood group AB described as a universal recipient?Suggest why blood does not clot in blood vessels of a healthy person.The diagram below shows a seed of a certain plant. Name the likely agent of dispersal. Give a reason for your answer.The table below shows the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide released at rest by a number of animals under certain conditions. Complete the table in the last column showing respiratory quotient.The diagram below shows part of a mammalian respiratory system. Explain two ways in which the part labeled T is adapted to its functions. How does the part labeled S facilitate breathing?Other than having many features in common, state 3 other characteristics of species.An organism is with an exoskeleton; segmented body; two pairs of legs per segment; a pair of eyes an ...State two functions of cell sap.Which organelle would be abundant in;(a) Skeletal muscles.(b) Palisade cells What is the formula for calculating linear magnification of a specimen when using a hand lens...Give a reason why staining is necessary when preparing specimen.State three functions of golgi apparatus.State the functions of the following parts of a light microscope a) Mirror b) Body tube ...Explain what would happen to red blood cells if they were placed in a concentrated salt solution.Explain:a) A mature plant cell does not lose its shape even after loosing water. b) Xylem vessels do...Outline three roles of active transport in human body. State the importance of osmosis in plants. Distinguish between haemolysis and plasmolysis. a) Name one defect of circulatory system in human beings b) State three functions of blood other than...State two ways in which the root hairs are adapted to their function.State three structural differences between arteries and veins.What is wilting?Explain how an increase in temperature affects the rate of diffusion The diagram below represents a fine structure of a generalized animal cell as seen under an electron...State three observable features found in the class mammalia only.Name the phylum whose members possess notochord.Explain how sex determine a person 's energy requirements.What is the role of mucus in the stomach. A cell was magnified 100 times using a light microscope whose eye piece lens magnification was x 10.Explain how protogyny prevents self-pollination.What causes the following diseases?i) Diabetes mellitusii) Diabetes insipidus An individual shows the symptoms of diabetes mellitus. How would you determine in the school laboratory...State three functions of water in seed germination.The above equation shows an oxidation reaction of a food substance. What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient?...Name the structures labeled K, L, and M. b) i) Name the type of germination. ii) What is the role of structure M in this type of germination...Name the structure in the human body that detects external temperature changes? State and explain how the mammalian small intestines are adapted to perform their function.How are flowers adapted to wind and insect pollination.The diameter off field of view of a light microscope is 6.5mm.Plant cells lying across the diameter ...List two structural adaptations that make xylem vessels suitable for transport of water and mineral...i) Name the biological process ii) Name the cell organelle where the process occurs.Name the tissue whose cells are thickened with cellulose and pectin.Distinguish between the lymphocytes and phagocytes.Name the enzyme in erythrocytes that speeds up conversion of carbon (IV) oxide to carbonic acid.Name the disease that causes thickening and hardening of arteries.When are two organisms considered to belong to the same species?Certain animals have the following dental formulaA ;I 3/3, C1/1, PM 4/4, M 2/3B ; I 0/3, C 0/1, PM 2 Name the Disease characterized bya) Glycosuria. b) Diuresis.Giraffes and zebras coexist in the same habitat harmoniously. Explain.Explain why denitrification occurs mainly in waterlogged soils.Briefly explain two adaptive features present in animal respiratory surfaces that are absent in plan...State two importances of a cell membrane in active transport.Pregnancy continues if the ovary of an expectant mother is removed after 4 months. Explain.Name the branches of biology that involve the study of:i) Organisms for the sake of classification...A student curved in the initials of his name in the bark of a young tree at a height of 1.5m above...Oil can be applied on stagnant water to control the spread of malaria. a) How does this practice...Name the organism that causes the following diseases. i) Malaria ii) HIV/AIDS Name the components of a DNA molecule.Suggest the biological significance of each of the following i) Development of the pollen tube in...Give 2 advantages of cross-pollination over self-pollination. Name the carbohydrate stored in:i) Mammalian tube ii) Potato tuber.State the significance of test cross in study of genetics. State the importance of crossing over in the study of genetics. Name one example of a characteristic in man that is transmitted by multiple alleles. What is osmoregulation? Describe and explain the relationship between the stomatal aperture and transpiration rate.Other than stomatal aperture state and explain any two other structural features that affect transpiration...Explain one demerit of transpiration in plants Explain the term Binomial Nomenclature.Name the forces involved in transportation of water and mineral salts.Give the roles of DNA State the difference between DNA and RNA.Two strips A and B were cut from Tradescantia whose cell sap was 30% sugar. Strip A was placed in a...State the biological significance of the thick muscular walls and narrow lumen in arteries.State the biological significance of the narrow xylem vessels in flowering plants Suggest any reasons why green plants are included in a fish aquarium.Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. Name the muscle labelled: What happens to each muscle as the arm is straightened?The binomial name of housefly is MUSCA DOMESTICA.(i) State two mistakes in the way the scientific naming...The diagram below shows the general appearance of lactic acid in the blood of an athlete after an...State the use of each of the following apparatus:(i) Bait trap(ii) Specimen bottle(iii) Pitfall trap Define the term organic evolution.Give examples of vestigial structures.Digestion in the stomach involves the gastric juice, which contains mucus as one of its components. Explain why amoeba cannot burst when placed in hypertonic solution.Name the organelle that is involved in each manufacture of Lipids.State any functions of Golgi apparatus.Give the functions of the following parts of human eye:(a) Lens(b) Ciliary body(c) Cornea A shoot of seedling exposed to light on one side bends towards the source of light as it grows.(a)...The diagram below represents a stage during cell division. Identify the stage of cell division. Give any reasons for your answer to ...The chart below show s a feeding relationship in a certain eco-system. Construct any food chains ending with a tertiary consumer in each case State the functions of the following parts of a nephron.(i) Loop of henle(ii) Distal convoluted...A flower was found to have the following characteristics:- Inconspicuous petals- Long feathery stigma...Explain how the following factors determine the daily energy requirement in humans.(a) Age(b) Occupation...Most terrestrial plants do not grow well in waterlogged soils. Give a reason for this.State the mode of a sexual reproduction exhibited by the following organisms:(i) Yeast(ii) Mushroom Give reasons for each of the following:(a) Constant body temperature is maintained in mammals.(b)...Explain what is meant by a test-cross as used in genetics.Name the end products of the light stage of photosynthesis.Name three economic importance of organisms in kingdom Fungi.Name three tissues responsible for secondary growth in flowering plants.A certain plant was found to have 22 chromosomes in its calyx cells. State the number of chromosome present in: (a) Egg ...The diagram below shows an apparatus used during collection of specimen Identify the apparatus (b) What is the ...A DNA strand has the following base sequence G C C T A G A T C A C What is the sequence of the: (a) Complementary DNA...Phagocytes, also called granulocytes or polymorphs are cells found in the blood where they ingest pathogens and cell ...State three evidence of organic evolution.Explain why continuous use of antibiotics results to resistance.State three biotic factors that could affect a zebra living in the Nakuru National Park.List three methods used to show energy flow through the ecosystem.Name three organelles that would be abundantly present in secretory cells.Name the part of the seed whose growth brings about epigeal germination.State three aspects of light that affect the rate of photosynthesis.State two environmental problems that can be solved by studying biology.State two characteristics of organisms that are easily observed in both animals and plants.A student smeared the abdomen of a locust with Vaseline. (a) What were the likely results after ten minutes?...Name the causative agents of Cholera.Name the causative agents of Malaria.Name the only epidermal cell in plants that contain chloroplast.Name two end products of the dark stage of photosynthesis.Name the fins that prevent the following movements of fish during swimming (a) Yawing (b) Pitching (c) Rolling ...The scientific name of a bean is Phaseolus vulgaris. What do these names represent? (a) Phaseolus (b) vulgaris ...Name the process by which urea is formed in the liver.Name the classes of animals that excrete their nitrogenous waste product mainly in the form of uric acid.State two functions of sweat in the human body.Name two vitamins which their absence in the diet may cause a dental disease called gingivitis.State three reasons why Drosophila melanogaster is preferred for genetic study.(a) Explain what would happen to a plant cell if it is placed in a concentrated salt solution. (b) How can plasmolysis ...Explain the meaning of Cytology as a branch of biology.Explain the meaning of Mycology as a branch of biology.State three reasons why it's necessary to classify living organisms.The diagram below represents a neuron. (a) i) Identify the neuron. ii) Give a reason. (b)Identify the parts ...A form one student trying to determine the size of onion cells observed the following on a microscopes field of view. ...The diagram below represents a certain organism collected by a student on his way to school. (a) State the class ...What is meant by Biomass as used in ecology?What is meant by Ecosystem as used in ecology?The diagram below represents a synapse (a) Indicate the direction of the impulse on (b)State two significance ...Name a tissue whose cells are thickened with Cellulose and pectin.Name a tissue whose cells are thickened with Lignin.The diagram below shows the structure of an organelle (a) State the function of the organelle (b) State one adapt ...Give the function of Lysosomes as a cell organelle.Give the function of Golgi bodies as a cell organelle.The diagram below represents across section of a certain plant (a) Name the parts labeled A and B ...During research on different types of plants students found a plant that looked like the one shown below (a) ...Why do you think we experience more discomfort in hot humid weather than we do in hot dry weather.Explain why a water logged soil does not support plant growth.Name the carbohydrate that is found in abundance in mammalian blood.Name the carbohydrate that is stored in a mammalian liver.Liver damage leads to impaired digestion of fats. Explain.The letters 'N' and n represents the dominant and recessive genes for hemophilia respectively. Write down the genotype ...Give three adaptations of human male gamete to its functions.The diagram below represents a longitudinal section of a bean study it and answer the questions that follow: ...A person who is blood group AB has an advantage over a person who is blood group O. Explain.Give two reasons for screening blood before transfusion.Define immunity.Distinguish between natural immunity and acquired immunity.Identify one immunisable disease in Kenya.State the causative agent of Cholera.State the causative agent of Amoebic dysentery.Explain why it is difficult to calculate the respiratory quotient (RQ) in plants.The diagram below represents a stage in the development of human foetus. (a) State one function of each of the ...Give the reasons why Lamarck's theory on natural selection in organic evolution was discarded.Explain why reproduction is essential in living organism.Explain why excretion is essential in living organism.Study the bio-chemical reactions given below. ...Name the branch of biology that deals with the study of inheritance and variations.Name the branch of biology that deals with the study of chemical changes inside living organisms.Name the branch of biology that deals with the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.Name the branch of biology that deals with the study of Insects.State two functions of cell membrane.Name the cell organelles that would be abundant in skeletal muscles.Name the cell organelles that would be abundant in Palisade cells.Name the cell organelles that would be abundant in Fat cells.Explain the importance of teeth during the process of digestion in human beings.Explain the importance of saliva during the process of digestion in human beings.State two ways in which active transports differs from diffusion.Name two important stages of photosynthesis and state where in the chloroplasts, each takes places.Explain how the Concentration of carbon (IV) Oxide affect the rate of photosynthesis.Explain how the light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis.The diagram below shows the transverse section of a young stem (a) What are the functions of the structures label ...The table below shows the percentage composition by volume of inhaled and exhaled air. (a) By what percentage ...In an investigation, a student extracted three pieces of pawpaw cylinders using a cork borer.The cylinders were cut back ...The figure below is a diagram of a cell as seen under the light microscope. (a) Name three structures that shows ...Name the structural units of lipids.State three important functions of lipids in living organisms.Other than through enzymatic action, how else can a disaccharide be hydrolyzed to its constituent monosaccharides. The diagram below represents part of a gaseous system in a grasshopper. (a) Name the structures labeled P and Q ... State five differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.State four characteristics of gaseous exchange or respiratory surfaces. Describe the mechanism of breathing in a mammal under the following subheadings. (a) Inhalation (b) Exhalation ... The diagram below shows part of a longitudinal section of a root: - (a) Identify cells K and L :- K L (b) ...The diagram below represents a section through a mammalian heart. ...Name the organelle which forms ribosomes.Name the organelle which synthesises energy.Name the organelle which contains enzymes that destroy worn–out organelles and cells.Name the process by which amoeba and white blood cells obtain food.State how blood volume may be brought back to normal.A freshly obtained dandelion stem measuring 5cm long was split lengthwise to obtain two similar pieces.The pieces were ...Give a reason why two species in an ecosystem cannot occupy the same niche.What characteristics do gills of a fish and the mouth cavity of a frog have in common that enable them to be efficient ...Describe the changes that occurs in the rib-cage and diaphragm during inspiration.Explain what would happen if blood from a person who is A+ was transfused into a person who is A- ...Name the chemical substance that helps blood to naturally remain fluid in the blood vessels. The figure below represents a plant (a) State the division it belongs to. (b) Label the parts A,B and C. ...Name the hormones involved in blood sugar regulation. Mammals cannot digest cellulose because they do not secrete enzyme cellulase and yet herbivores depend mainly on grass ...The table below shows the concentrations of sodium and iodine ions in sea water and cell sap of a plant. ...The diagram below represents a mature embryo sac. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow. ...Give two reasons why fats are not a preferred respiratory substrate in organelles. State two reasons why respiratory quotient (RQ) is important in organisms. Below is an illustration of a cross section of a plant root showing the transportation of substances in the plant ...(a) name the process in which water molecules are split by light during photosynthesis. (b) Explain why the process you ... The diagram below illustrates the role played by red blood cells in transportation of carbon (IV) oxide. (a) ...The set up below represents an experiment to investigate the process of photosynthesis. The set-up was placed in light ...Study the food web below and answer the questions that follow. (a)(i) Name the producer in the food web. ...Name the causative agent of tuberculosis.State the function of goblet cells in the mammalian alimentary canal.Name the phylum whose members posses a notochord.What name is given to the structure formed when the head and thorax are fused in members of Arachnida? Under what condition is antidiuretic hormone released in the body?Define the term Protandry.Define the term denature.In an experiment to investigate the action of pepsin on egg albumen, equal amounts of pepsin were added to equal ...(i) In which form is the enzyme pepsin secreted. (ii) Give a reason for your answer in (i) above.Name four plant tissues which lack chloroplast.State the function of the pad of gum in herbivorous feeding.During ecological study, students collected and marked 120 ants and released them. After 48 hours, the students ...The experiment below was set-up to investigate some physiological processes. The glucose solution was first boiled ... The diagram below shows an experimental set up to investigate an aspect of germination. (a) Why are the following ...In an experiment to investigate a factor affecting photosynthesis, a leaf of a potted plant which had been kept in the ...In an experiment to investigate a certain process in a given plant species, the rate of carbon (IV) oxide consumption ...Name five methods of excretion in plants.Give three reasons why plants lack complex excretory system.State six excretory products in plants and give their economic uses.What is pollination?Discuss the sequence of events that take place from the time a pollen grain falls on the stigma until a seed is formed.The diagram below shows the exchange site between circulatory system and body cells. (a) State two adaptations of ...Name the blood vessel with the highest concentration of oxygen.Name the blood vessel with the highest concentration of Urea.The diagram below shows how blood glucose in mammalian body is regulated. (a) Name the hormone X and Y (b) ...In human beings, a downward pointed frontal hairline (windows peak) is a heritable trait. A person with ...State two causes of variations.Name two examples of discontinuous variation.The drawing below represents a mature bread mould (rhizopus).Study it and answer the questions which follow. (a) ...Define the term fertilization.Compare an ovum cell and a zygote.The diagram below shows three different types of neurons along a reflex. (a) Identify the neuron labeled 1, 2 ...During germination and growth of a cereal, the dry weight of endosperm, the embryo and the total dry weight were ...State two factors within the seed and two outside the seed that cause dormancy. (i) Within the seed (ii) Outside the see ...Give two characteristics of meristematic cells.Explain how abiotic factors affect plants.Discuss eye accommodation.Discuss the process of hearing in man.What is meant by the term sex linkage.Part of one strand of DNA molecule was found to have the following sequence G-C-C- G – A – T- T – T – A – C ...State two regions in a plant where the end products of photosynthesis are translocated to?With reference to circulatory system only give two reasons why birds and mammals are more active compared to other organ ...What three characteristics are used to divide the phylum Arthropoda into classes?The diagram below shows an organisms from a division in Kingdom plantae. Study it and answer the questions that follow. What is the relationship between a genus and a species?A drawing of 3 cm was made of a giant spider whose actual length was 7cm. calculate the magnification of the drawing?Explain why osmosis is described as a special type of diffusion?The following table shows the estimated number of organisms recorded in a dam. (a) ...Explain why leaves of most plants are thin and broad.State the function of Pepsin enzymes during digestion in the stomach?State the function of Renin enzymes during digestion in the stomach?Explain why respiratory surface must be moist?Explain why respiratory surface must be thin.Explain why palisade cells are cylindrical shaped and arranged with long axis perpendicular to the leaf surface.The diagram below represents the vertical section of a fruit. (a) Suggest the possible agent of dispersal of this ...Explain why the body temperature of a healthy person rises slightly during humid days?(a) Name the respiratory surface in insects. (b) State any one feature that adapts the structure named in (a) above to ...Why are the fish gills highly vascularized?State the function of granulated endoplasmic reticulum.State the function of Nucleolus.State two gaseous exchange sites in plants?The diagram below shows an apparatus used during collection of specimen in biological study. (a) Identify the ...List three limitations of fossil records as an evidence of organic evolution?Distinguish between enzyme co-factors and co-enzymes?Give two reasons for the rapid growth during the exponential phase of growth curve?Give two reasons why Carolus Linnaeus preferred the use of latin language in the scientific naming of living organisms.State three roles played by active transport in living organisms.List three factors affecting the rate of respiration?Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. (a) Identify the cell (b) Label the parts X,Y and ...Explain why it is becoming more difficult to treat malaria using chloroquine?State two ways by which the ileum is adapted for absorption of food materials?Name two processes that contribute to variation during gamete formation?Damage to the mammalian liver may lead to indigestion of fats. Explain this observation.Name the disease of blood characterized by abnormally large number of white blood cells.Name the disease of blood characterized by cresent-shaped haemoglobin instead of the normal biconcave shape.During a strenuous exercise the chemical process represented by the equation below takes place in the human muscle cells ...The diagram below represents a stage of growth in two different seeds. (a) Identify the type of ...Account for the loss of weight in cotyledons in germinating seeds.State the role of juvenile hormone during metamorphosis in insects.Name the glands that secrete juvenile hormone.(a) You are provided with specimen labelled Q. Remove the endosperm and crush using a motor and pestle. Add distilled ...You are provided with a photograph with part of human skeleton. Use it to answer questions that follow. (i) Name ...Below are two photographs of plants. (a) Identify support structures used by the plants in photographs M and R ...The photographs below represent some skeletal materials obtained from a certain mammal. Study them then answer the ...(a) You are provided with specimen labelled P. Using a sharp scalpel, cut the specimen longitudinally to obtain two ...What is meant by the term Self sterility.The diagram below shows a stage during fertilization in a plant. (i) Name the parts labelled Q,R and S (ii) ...Explain what happens to excess amino acids in the liver of humans.Which portions of the human nephron are only found in the cortex?(a) What would happen if a person produced less antidiuretic hormone? (b) What term is given to the condition described ...What is meant by the term biological control?Give an example of biological control.What is eutrophication?What are the effects of eutrophication?Name a substance that is responsible for acid rain.Leaves are the organs of photosynthesis. The following diagram shows what happens in a plant leaf during photosynthesis.Name the tissue which transport water in to the leaf.Name the tissue which transport sugars out of the leaf.Explain why it is an advantage for the plant to store carbohydrates as starch rather than as sugars.Some millet seeds were soaked in water for two days. They were then broken into small pieces and placed on the surface ...A research was carried to determine the trend of growth of some boys and girls.Their average mass in kilograms was taken ...Describe how the various parts of the human digestive system are adapted to their functions.State the causes of air pollution.State how air pollutants affect organisms hence state how air pollution should be controlled.Give TWO conditions that must be met for two organisms to be of same species.State the name and use of the following laboratory equipment in biological studies.(a)Identify tissues A as shown below (b) State the importance of A in human body Identify tissues B as shown below State TWO good practices of handling and care of light microscope lenses.State the functions of Pericycle.State the functions of Endodermis.The graph shown below represents the rate of reaction of different enzymes when subjected to varied pH levels (a) ...The diagram shown below is found in the alimentary canal of mammals (a) In which part of the alimentary canal is ...State the significance of secreting Trypsin in their inactive forms.Name the substance that activate the following compounds into their active forms: (i) Pepsinogen (ii) Trypsinogen State the importance of red blood cells lacking the following organelles (i) Mitochondria (ii) Nucleus Give differences between leucocytes and erythrocytes in terms of the following ...A plant cell developed the appearance below after being placed in solution Q for 1 hour a) Give the term use ...State the function of Interventricular septum in the mammalian heart.State the function of Semi-lunar valve in the right heart chambers.Why is the cardiac muscle said to be myogenic?Name the parts of a microscope that are used for the following functions (i) Control amount of light entering the ...Study the photomicrograph shown below and answer questions that follow a) Is this a plant cell or an animal ...The skull of an animal is shown in the diagram below.use it to answer questions that follow a) Name the mode ... If an adult human being has 8 premolars, 4 canines, 12 molars and 8 incisors, write down the correct dental formula. ...Give TWO ways in which the pulp cavity is important to the function of the teeth.The diagram shown below represents the sequence followed in the laboratory during the testing for starch in the leaf ...Give TWO reasons why carbohydrates are stored as starch and not glucose in plants.Write a word equation for photosynthesis process.The following set up was used to investigate a physiological process in organisms a) Why was the set up ...The shown below is a tissue found in plants a) Give the function and identity of the tissue above b) Identify the ...Four cylinders of potato were carefully dried on blotting paper and weighed. Each piece weighed 3g. One was placed in ...Examine the diagram below and use it to answer the questions that follow.a) Name the parts labeled B, C and D ...The diagram below shows part of plant tissue. a) Name cell labelled X. b) State two adaptations of cell labelled ...State two precautions to follow when collecting a spider for biology study.Name the characteristics of living organisms, illustrated through the following activities. a) A cow giving birth to a ...State four main differences between electron microscope and light microscope.Distinguish between permanent slides and temporary slides.Name the main branch of Biology that studies the following. a) Organisms such as a Crocodile. b) Organisms such as a ...Explain four reasons why you would encourage your friends in High school to study Biology.When onion epidermal cells were placed and focused along the diameter of the field of view, 10 cells were viewed and ...The diagram of a grasshopper is one and a half of the real size of the grasshopper as drawn by a student. If the ...Name the branches of biology that deals with the following: (i) scientific study of insects. (ii) study of ...Define Taxonomy.Define Species.Study the apparatus illustrated below a) Identify the apparatus b) What is the use of the mosquito net in the ...Name the kingdom in which the organisms named below belong. a) Bacteria b) Paramecium c) Yeast

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