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State three structural differences between arteries and veins in mammals.
Answer
1. Wall Thickness
Arteries typically have thicker walls compared to veins. This is because arteries need to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart's pumping action as they carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.
2. Valves
Arteries do not have valves because the high pressure generated by the heart's pumping action helps maintain the blood flow in the desired direction. Veins contain valves, which are one-way flaps of tissue that prevent the backflow of blood. Valves help ensure that blood flows in the correct direction (toward the heart).
3. Lumen Size
Arteries have a narrower lumen compared to veins. This narrower lumen is a structural adaptation that allows arteries to maintain blood pressure. Veins, on the other hand, have a wider lumen compared to arteries.
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