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State three functions of the mammalian blood other than transport.
Answer
1. Regulation of body pH
The pH level refers to the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, and maintaining a stable pH is essential for optimal biochemical reactions and enzyme activity. Blood contains buffering systems, primarily involving the bicarbonate ion, which help resist rapid changes in pH.
2. Defense through White Blood Cells
White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are key components of the immune system and play a vital role in defending the body against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders. These cells are capable of identifying and attacking harmful microorganisms, neutralizing toxins, and coordinating immune responses.
3. Prevention of Excessive Bleeding - Platelets
Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are cell fragments that play a critical role in hemostasis, the process that prevents excessive bleeding. When blood vessels are injured, platelets are activated and adhere to the site of injury, forming a temporary plug to halt bleeding. This initial platelet plug provides a foundation for blood clot formation, which involves a complex series of interactions between platelets, clotting factors, and fibrin.
4. Rapid Healing of Underlying Tissues
Blood contains growth factors and cytokines that contribute to tissue repair and healing. These bioactive molecules are released from platelets and white blood cells in response to injury. They play a role in inflammation, cell migration, and tissue regeneration, accelerating the healing process of underlying tissues.
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