Force and its Effects | Grade 4 Science and Technology - Esoma-KE

- Force is a push or a pull.
- Force make objects move.
- When an object is pushed, pulled or lifted it moves.
- Force affects the following:

1. Movement of object
2. Shape of object
3. Direction of object

Effects of force on movement

- Applying a kick (push) on a ball will make it move.
- Applying a push on a ball on the opposite direction stops the moving ball.
- Force can make an object that is stationary to start moving.
- Force can make a moving object to stop moving.

Effects of force on shape of objects

- Force changes shape of an object.

Effects of force on moving object

- Force changes the direction of a moving object.

Sound Energy

- Sound travels in all directions.

Light Energy

- Materials that allow light to pass through and one can see through are called transparent materials.
- Materials that allow some light to pass through but one cannot see through are called translucent materials.
- Materials that do not allow any light to pass through are called opaque materials.

Heat Energy

Conduction of Heat

- Heat moves from one end of the metal rod to the other through conduction.
- Conduction is the transfer of heat in solids.

Good and Poor Conductors of Heat

- Materials that allow heat to pass through are called good conductors.
- Materials that do not allow heat to pass through are called poor conductors.
- Cooking utensils are made of good conductors of heat to allow heat to pass through for easy cooking.
- Handles of cooking utensils are made of poor conductors of heat to prevent accident through burning.

Machines

Levers

- A lever is a simple machine used to make work easier.
- There are many types of levers we use in our day to day life.

Parts of Levers

- The turning points is called fulcrum.
- The force applied to do work is called effort.
- The work being done is called load.