Question 1
- Give three physical factors that favour coffee growing in Kenya highlands.
- State two problems facing coffee farming in Kenya.
Answer
- - The highlands experience high (1000-1500) and well distributed rainfall throughout the year, which is ideal for coffee.
- The soils are deep fertile volcanic type.
- The area experiences cool warm conditions (14-240 ) throughout the year.
- The land has gentle slopes that allow good drainage / well drained soils.
- Highlands have altitude of 900m-2,100m above sea level , ideal for coffee - - The crop is attacked by leaf rust/coffee berry diseases (CBD)
- Poor soils / exhausted soils which leads to deteriorating productions in terms of the quantity produced and quality of the beans obtained.
- Adverse weather characterized by unreliable rainfall and prolonged drought causing the young berries to ripen prematurely and fall off resulting in great losses.
- Expensive prices of inputs for example fertilizers and pesticides making it difficult for small holders to afford.
- Mismanagement of co-operatives societies; infighting / splitting of giant co-operative to smaller ones which are uneconomical to run / failure by the societies to distribute fertilizers and sprays in time / delayed payments / embezzled funds by corrupt managers etc frustrate and discourage farmers making many of them to abandon their coffee farms.
- Inadequate capital for farmers to improve their farms which leads to decline in production.
- Fluctuation of coffee prices in the world market, discourages farmers making them to abandon their coffee farms. - Competition from other crops because of the many problems that coffee farmers are facing make them to uproot coffee trees for other crops.
- Shortage of labor especially during harvesting period leading to some of the ripe berries becoming dry as they are not harvested in time thus fetching lower prices.
Question 2
- Give two primary sources of population data.
- What information can be derived from a population pyramid?
Answer
- - National census head count.
- Sample survey
- Vital statistics / registration of birth / death/ marriages/ migration - - The size of the population
- The different age cohorts (age groups)
- The proportion of males to females
- The composition by sex
- The proportion of the youthful / working/ aging/ dependency ratio
Question 3
- State three measures that have been taken to conserve fisheries in Kenya.
- Give four reasons why Norway is a great fishing nation.
Answer
- - The over fished areas are being restocked.
- There are laws enacted against indiscriminate fishing / types of nets/ season for fishing areas free from fishing.
- Special hatcheries have been set up for artificial fertilization of eggs.
- Disposal of effluent into fisheries is prohibited / control of water pollution through legislation.
- Research is carried out to expand and improve fisheries.
- Institutions have been set up to train personnel to manage fisheries. - - Extensive continental shelf
- Its waters are rich in plantation
- It has long forded coastline which provides sheltered water ideal for fishing / breeding ground for fish
- Cold climate / ragged terrain drove people to fishing.
- Norway has a long tradition in sailing and fishing.
Question 4
Give four reasons why it is necessary to conserve wildlife in Kenya.
Answer
- To maintain the genetic diversity
- To preserve wildlife for future generation / posterity.
- To protect the endangered species
- To attract tourists /to earn foreign exchange.
- To use wildlife for research / for education
- To maintain aesthetic for recreation
- To provide materials for medicinal extracts
- To preserve wildlife for future generation / posterity.
- To protect the endangered species
- To attract tourists /to earn foreign exchange.
- To use wildlife for research / for education
- To maintain aesthetic for recreation
- To provide materials for medicinal extracts
Question 5
- State two economic benefits of the common market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) to the member countries.
- Give two factors that limit trade among countries of Eastern Africa.
Answer
- - It has created a large market for goods produced in member
countries.
- It has resulted in availability of a variety of goods.
- It has led to the establishment of common tariff.
- The removal of a visa requirements has made it easier for traders to move across borders within the region - - Lack of a common currency
- Under developed infrastructure / poor transport network.
- Restriction of movement of people and goods / high taxes rates
- Political instability
- Political differences