Components of Soils

Air/gases: The air or gaseous component of soil refers to the spaces between soil particles that are filled with air. It is essential for root respiration and microbial activity.

Water/moisture: The water or moisture content in soil represents the liquid component, filling the pores between soil particles. It is crucial for plant growth and acts as a solvent for nutrients.

Organic matter/humus: Organic matter in soil consists of decomposed plant and animal material, referred to as humus. It enhances soil fertility, improves water retention, and supports beneficial microorganisms.

Inorganic matter/minerals: The inorganic component of soil comprises various minerals, such as sand, silt, clay, and rock particles. These minerals provide essential nutrients and affect soil texture and structure.