Question 1
Explain what you understand by the term critical angle as applied in optics
Answer
- Because egg’s shell subjected to Is the angle of incidence in the denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the rare medium is 900
Question 2
It was noted that for the circuit diagram below, when the switch is open, the voltmeter gives a reading of 12V, but when the switch is closed the voltmeter drops to 10V.

Use the information to answer questions 2, 3 and 4
Give an explanation for the difference in reading on the voltmeter when the switch is open and when it is closed
Answer
- When the switch is open the voltmeter reads the e.m.f of the battery;
- When the switch is closed the voltmeter reads the potential difference across the battery
- When the switch is closed the voltmeter reads the potential difference across the battery
Question 3
If the ammeter gives a reading of 0.8A when the switch is closed, determine the value of R.
Answer

Question 4
Determine the internal resistance of the accumulator
Answer

Question 5
Other than temperature state the other factors that affect the resistance of an ohmic conductor.
Answer
- The length of the conductor