Question 1
- Define the term Equinox
- What is the longitude whose local time is 5.00p.m. when the local time at longitude 00 is 8.00p.m.
Answer
- An equinox is a period when the sun is overhead along the equator on 21st March and 23rd September
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(b) The time difference between 5pm and 8pm = 3 hours.
1 hour = 150
Therefore 3 hours = 3 x 15 = 450W
Question 2
- Name the instrument used to measure sunshine
- State four factors that determine the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface.
Answer
- Campbell stokes sunshine recorder.
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- The transparency of the atmosphere / the amount of cloud cover.
- The intensity of the sun’s radiation in the space and the earth’s average distance from the sun.
- Position of the earth on its orbit which produces different seasons.
- The angle of the surface on which the sun rays fall.
Question 3
- State three ways in which faulting can influence drainage system
- Name any two block mountains in Kenya.
Answer
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- Vertical faulting leads to formation of water falls.
- Rift faulting may cause an enclosed basin into which rivers form to form lakes.
- Block mountains may cause a reverse of the drainage system e.g. Kagera river now flows eastwards while it used to flow westwards into the Congo basin. -
- Mathew Ranges
- Ndoto and Nyiru Hills
Question 4
- Distinguish between plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks
- State three types of rock metamorphism
Answer
- – Plutonic rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies within the crust while volcanic rocks are formed when lava cools and solidifies on the earth’s surface
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1. Dynamic metamorphism – caused by action of pressure.
2. Thermal metamorphism – caused by action of heat.
3. Regional metamorphism – caused by action of both heat and pressure
Question 5
- State two ways through which rivers transport its load
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The diagram below represents a river capture
Name the features marked A, B and C.
Answer
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1. Solution – Dissolved materials are carried in solution form.
2. Suspension – very light insoluble materials are carried as they float on the surface of the water. -
A – Elbow of capture.
B – Wind gap / dry river valley.
C – Pirate River