Question 1
- Define the term equinox.
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i) When does equinox occur.
ii) What are the effects of solstice on the earth’s surface.
Answer
- Equinox is the time of the year when eth sun’s overhead position at noon is over the equator
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i) - 21st March
- 23rd September
ii) - During summer solstice, day time is longer than night time at latitudes beyond the equator.
- During winter solstice, night-time is longer than daytime at latitudes beyond the equator
Question 2
-
The diagram below represents a composite volcano. Name the features marked D, E, and F.
- State three ways through which Mount Kenya has influenced the drainage of the area
Answer
-
D – Crater
E – Conelet
F – Layers of ash -
- Rivers flowing from higher peaks of Mountain form a radial drainage pattern.
- At lower slopes each river system forms a dendritic pattern.
- Mountain is a catchment area and source of rivers.
- Towards the top the mountain has glacial Lakes.
Question 3
i) Differentiate between weathering and mass wasting.
ii) Explain three factors which cause soil creep.
Answer
-
i) Weathering is disintegration and decomposition of rocks in situ while mass wasting is downslope movement of weathered material under influence of gravity.
ii) - Alternate heating and cooling.
- Removal of soil downslope.
- Rain water.
Question 4
Give three conditions which may influence the occurrence of landslides
Answer
- Amount of precipitation and extent of saturation.
- Gradient of the slope.
- Human activities e.g. mining.
- Occurrence of earthquakes and faulting.
- Gradient of the slope.
- Human activities e.g. mining.
- Occurrence of earthquakes and faulting.
Question 5
- Explain three ways in which clouds influence weather
- State one effect of a warm ocean current on the adjacent coastlands.
Answer
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- Clouds determine the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth, surface and amount leaving the earth surface.
- Day temperatures are moderated by clouds.
- Areas of thick rain clouds have high rainfall. -
- Raising temperature
- Causes rainfall