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Animals - Class 7 Science

Animals

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Animals

Livestock Parasites

  • A parasite is an organism that fully depends on another organism for its survival.
  • The organism that is depended on is called a host.
  • Parasites also called pests , depend on the host for food.
  • Livestock parasites fall under two categories: external and internal parasites.
  • Parasites that live on the skin of an animal are called external parasites.
  • Examples of external parasites are ticks, fleas, tsetse-fly, mites and lice.

external parasites


  • Ticks attack cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, camels, horses, pigs and rabbits.
  • Fleas attack cattle, sheep, poultry, camels, horses, pigs and horses.
  • Tsetse flies attack all domestic animals.
  • Parasites that live inside the host are called internal parasites.
  • Examples of internal parasites include roundworms, tapeworms, liver flukes, hookworms and lungworms.

internal parasites

  • Roundworms attack cattle, sheep, goats and fish. They are found in the liver, lungs and small intestines.
  • Tapeworms attack cattle, sheep, goats and pigs and are found in the small intestines and liver.
  • Liver flukes attack cattle, sheep, goats and pigs and are found in the lungs and the liver.
  • Hookworms attack sheep and goats. They are found in the small intestines.
  • Lungworms attack cattle, sheep goats and pigs. They are found in the brain, stomach and lungs.

Effects of parasites on livestock

  • External parasites cause irritation and discomfort to animals. The quality of hides is also lowered.
  • Internal parasites cause poor health of animals and may also lead to anaemia and other diseases.

Ways of controlling livestock parasites.

  • Some ways of controlling livestock parasites include: rotational grazing, dipping, spraying and de-worming.
  • Rotational grazing controls external and internal parasites in the pasture. Parasites are starved to death as pastures regrow.
  • Dipping involves leading animals in a dip wash. A dip wash is made by mixing dip water with chemicals called acaricides. Dipping controls external parasites.
  • Spraying involves controlling parasites using a spray pump. Spraying is done in a crush that restrains the animal. This method controls external parasites.
  • De-worming involves giving either solid or liquid medicine to kill worms. Giving solid medicine through the mouth is called dosing and is done using a bolus gun also called a dosing gun. Giving liquid medicine through the mouth is called drenching and is done using a drenching gun.

Deworming Gun

Human intestinal worms

Some human intestinal worms include roundworms, tapeworms, thread-worms and hookworms.

human intestinal worms

Ways of controlling human intestinal worms

  1. Proper cooking of meat to kill tapeworms or their cysts.
  2. Proper disposal of human faeces; using latrines and toilets.
  3. Regular de-worming to reduce the worm burden in the burden.
  4. Proper handling of food during preparation and serving. People who handle food should de-worm regularly.
  5. Washing of hands after visiting the toilet, before preparing food and when serving food.
  6. Inspection of meat to ensure it is safe.

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