- A communicable disease is one that can easily pass from one person to the other.
- The medium for passing the disease could be contaminated air, water or insect bites
- Such diseases include malaria, tuberculosis, typhoid, common cold, among others.

- Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite called plasmodium
- Plasmodium is carried about by the female anopheles mosquito which passes it on to a person through biting.
- The parasite then attacks the bodies red blood cells.

• Nausea and Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Severe headache
• Cold and fever
• Pain in the joints
• General body weakness

• Clearing broken bottles and empty containers from the home compound to ensure no mosquito breeding
• Clearing tall grass and leafy plants where mosquitoes can breed
• Sleeping under treated mosquito nets
• Draining stagnant water around the house
• Taking antimalarial drugs to prevent infection
• Sprinkling oil of kerosene or oil on water surface to ensure mosquito larvae doesn't breed

- Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria that attacks the lungs.
- The bacteria can be spread through coughing and it gets into the air
- Sharing cups, plates and spoons with an infected person can also spread the disease.

• Prolonged coughing, usually dry cough
• Fever and cold
• Sweating at night
• Pain in the chest
• In advanced stages the patient coughs blood
• Drastic loss of weight in a short period

• Practising high standards of cleanliness
• Avoid places that are overcrowded
• Do not take unboiled milk
• Do not go to dusty places
• Small children should be vaccinated with the BGG vaccine

- Immunization is the administration or giving of vaccines to a person so as to prevent a disease.
- The administered medicine is called the vaccine, and the process is called vaccination or immunization.
- When the vaccine is introduced into the body, it improves the immune system of the person against the disease.
- Some of the immunizable diseases include; tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus.
- The vaccine may be given as an injection, or through the mouth.
- The following table is a summary of vaccines given to infants

- HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
- HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- It is mainly spread through having sexual contact with an infected person
- It can also be spread by sharing sharp objects
- A person who has the virus is said to be HIV positive, while one who does not have the virus is HIV negative.

• To overcome the fear of one's status
• To change behaviour
• To plan for the future of one's dependants
• To make a decision on marriage
• To campaign against the spread of HIV/AIDS

• It makes the individual's body weak
• Low self-esteem
• Feeling of guilt and worthless
• Poor performance in school due to lack of concentration
• One cannot interact freely with other people
• Feeling of loneliness and shame
• Lack of strength for activities

• Lack of parental care if parents die of HIV and AIDS
• Leads to sadness in the family
• Men may become widowers, women widowers, and children orphans; and families may lose the breadwinner
• Family embarrassment and shame
• Serious financial constraints due to a lot of spending on medication and seeking healthcare
• Loss of income, job and family assets

• Poor services may be rendered to the people if the victims are government employees as they may lack enough strength to deliver.
• Large spending of money by government on buying drugs and other medical supplies.
• Decrease in the economic productivity of the country due to people suffering from HIV.
• Overcrowding in hospitals, which reduces the quality of medical care.
• Loss of skilled manpower when infected persons die